Changes

[[image:29032011_5.jpg|(added claimed working conditions)|350px|thumb]]

[[image:29032011_5.jpg|(added claimed working conditions)|350px|thumb]]

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[[image:29032011.jpg|380px|thumb]]

A six-hours presentation was made on March 29, 2011 in Bologna attended by invited Swedish physicists Sven Kullander and Hanno Essén. For "stability reasons" a smaller "energy catalyzer" with lesser output was used, which is said to have yielded 25 kWh in 6 hours with a thermal output of 4.4 kW. The same pump LMI P18 was used in this presentation as in January, but this time the capacity was compatible with the maximum flow capacity given by the manufacturer and plausible. As in the experiment in January water was evaporated, but without measurement the dryness of the vapour errors of up to 600% a possible. It is also impossible to find out in retrospect if all the water was evaporated, since a tube for warm water was near the steam port. The unit was filled with 50 gramm nickel powder. At startup hydrogen gas was pumped into the device with 25 bar but without previously pumping air out. To quote: ''The air of atmospheric pressure was remaining in the container as a small impurity.'' (Remark: If oxygen from the air would have stayed in - as claimed - water could have been formed since the nickel powder would have acted as a catalyst). Heating was done with 300 Watt.<ref>http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3144827.ece</ref><ref>http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3144772.ece</ref><ref>http://22passi.blogspot.com/2011/04/i-fisici-svedesi-sulle-cat-e-una.html</ref> During the presentation isolation and lead shielding were removed from some shown Ecats but not from the used Ecat itself. The attending Giuseppe Levi made pictures which were published in Italian and Swedish blogs. The Swedish observers wrote a report, which was published in Internet blogs. They write in their report<ref name="Report_Kullander">http://www.nyteknik.se/incoming/article3144960.ece/BINARY/Download+the+report+by+Kullander+and+Ess%C3%A9n+%28pdf%29.</ref> that a normal chemical reaction can be ruled out:

A six-hours presentation was made on March 29, 2011 in Bologna attended by the invited Swedish physicists Sven Kullander and Hanno Essén. For "stability reasons" a smaller "energy catalyzer" with lesser output was used, which is said to have yielded 25&nbsp;kWh in 6 hours with a thermal output of 4.4&nbsp;kW. The same pump as in January, the LMII&nbsp;P18 was used in this presentation, but this time the capacity was compatible with the maximum flow capacity given by the manufacturer and therefore possible. Water throughput of 6.27&nbsp;kg/h (104&nbsp;ml/min) was given. As in the experiment in January water was evaporated, but without measurement of the dryness of the vapour errors of up to 600% a possible. It is also impossible to find out in retrospect if all the water was evaporated, since a drain for warm water was near the steam port. The unit was filled with 50&nbsp;grammes nickel powder. At startup hydrogen gas was pumped into the device with 25&nbsp;bar but without previously pumping air out. To quote: ''The air of atmospheric pressure was remaining in the container as a small impurity.'' (Remark: If oxygen from the air would have stayed in - as claimed - water could have been formed since the nickel powder would have acted as a catalyst). Heating was done with 300 Watt.<ref>http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3144827.ece</ref><ref>http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3144772.ece</ref><ref>http://22passi.blogspot.com/2011/04/i-fisici-svedesi-sulle-cat-e-una.html</ref> During the presentation isolation and lead shielding were removed from some shown Ecats but not from the used Ecat.The attending Giuseppe Levi made pictures which were published in Italian and Swedish blogs. The Swedish observers wrote a report, which was published in Internet blogs. They write in their report<ref name="Report_Kullander">http://www.nyteknik.se/incoming/article3144960.ece/BINARY/Download+the+report+by+Kullander+and+Ess%C3%A9n+%28pdf%29.</ref> that a normal chemical reaction can be ruled out:

:''Any chemical process should be ruled out for producing 25 kWh from whatever is in a 50 cubic centimeter container. The only alternative explanation is that there is some kind of a nuclear process that gives rise to the measured energy production.''

:''Any chemical process should be ruled out for producing 25 kWh from whatever is in a 50&nbsp;cubic centimeter container. The only alternative explanation is that there is some kind of a nuclear process that gives rise to the measured energy production.''

The observers were allowed to examine two material samples in advance: the nickel powder and "used" nickel power from an experiment which had previously been run for 2 and a half months. Rossi delivered the samples during a visit in Sweden. The used sample contained 10% copper and 11% iron according to an analysis done at the Ångström Laboratory (Ångströmlaboratoriet) of Uppsala university. Surprisingly, the isotope ratio of nickel and copper (isotope 63 and isotope 65) was equal to the natural isotopic composition.  

The observers were allowed to examine two material samples in advance: the nickel powder and "used" nickel power from an experiment which had previously been run for 2 and a half months. Rossi delivered the samples during a visit in Sweden. The used sample contained 10% copper and 11% iron according to an analysis done at the Ångström Laboratory (Ångströmlaboratoriet) of Uppsala university. Surprisingly, the isotope ratio of nickel and copper (isotope&nbsp;63 and isotope&nbsp;65) was equal to the natural isotopic composition.

:''Both measurements show that the pure nickel powder contains mainly nickel, and the used powder is different in that several elements are present, mainly 10 percent copper and 11 percent iron. The isotopic analysis through ICP-MS doesn’t show any deviation from the natural isotopic composition of nickel and copper.''

:''Both measurements show that the pure nickel powder contains mainly nickel, and the used powder is different in that several elements are present, mainly 10&nbsp;percent copper and 11&nbsp;percent iron. The isotopic analysis through ICP-MS doesn’t show any deviation from the natural isotopic composition of nickel and copper.''

The stated ratios were: Cu-63 70%, Cu-65 30%. Professor Sven Kullander commented that such a result was extremely unlikely:

The given ratios were: Cu-63 70%, Cu-65 30%. Professor Sven Kullander commented such a product as extremely unlikely:

:''If this reaction chain would be true even though none of the responses that I mention can be made with the knowledge we have today, then isotopic distribution Cu-63/Cu-65 be greater than 80/20, probably closer to 99/01.''<ref>[http://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l@eskimo.com/msg44471.html Sven Kullander's additional comments on Rossi's Energy Catalyzer] im Mailarchive</ref>

:''If this reaction chain would be true even though none of the responses that I mention can be made with the knowledge we have today, then isotopic distribution Cu-63/Cu-65 be greater than 80/20, probably closer to 99/01.''<ref>[http://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l@eskimo.com/msg44471.html Sven Kullander's additional comments on Rossi's Energy Catalyzer] im Mailarchive</ref>

The natural isotope ratio of 63Cu to 65Cu is 2,24 (69,17% to 30,83%). Focardi had previously claimed that the copper isotope ratio would be reduced to 1.6 through the "fusion".<ref>S. Focardi, A. Rossi, ''A new energy source from nuclear fusion'', Journal of Nuclear Physics, http://www.journal-of-nuclearphysics.com/?p=66, Februar 2010</ref> While there are further copper isotopes they are unstable and are not found in nature (69,17 + 30,83 = 100).  

The natural isotope ratio of 63Cu to 65Cu is 2,24 (69,17% to 30,83%). Focardi had previously claimed that the copper isotope ratio would be reduced to 1.6 through the "fusion".<ref>S. Focardi, A. Rossi, ''A new energy source from nuclear fusion'', Journal of Nuclear Physics, http://www.journal-of-nuclearphysics.com/?p=66, Februar 2010</ref> While there are further copper isotopes, they are unstable and are not found in nature (69,17 + 30,83 = 100).

It is not only statistically (nearly) impossible that after an alleged fusion reaction with copper as fusion product an "used" sample will show the same isotope ratio as found in nature. Further considerations about the sample analysis expose insurmountable obstacles to the possibility of fusion:<br>In theory, the stable copper isotopes 63Cu and 65Cu might be a result of fusion of hydrogen and nickel isotopes 62Ni and 64Ni (add one proton each). But according to the Swedish Institute that analysed the samples the unused nickel sample just contained 4.5% of these stable nickel isotopes in sum. Assuming the unlikely case all nickel 62 and nickel 64 atoms were fused with a proton (hydrogen nucleus), the amount of copper would not amount to even 10% of the resulting mass. An alternative reaction chain with unstable isotopes is impossible based on the measured isotope ratios and the absence of radiation: It would be possible to assume nickel 58 as starting isotope which would become copper 59 and decay to nickel 59. Which in turn would become copper 60 and decay to nickel 60 and so on. In the end, the stable copper 63 would be formed. But this would necessitate a completely different copper isotope ratio then found in the analysis.

It is not only statistically (nearly) impossible that after an alleged fusion reaction with copper as fusion product an "used" sample will show the same isotope ratio as found in nature. Further considerations about the sample analysis expose insurmountable obstacles to the possibility of fusion:<br>In theory, the stable copper isotopes 63Cu and 65Cu might be a result of fusion of hydrogen and nickel isotopes 62Ni and 64Ni (add one proton each). But according to the Swedish Institute that analysed the samples the unused nickel sample just contained in sum 4.5% of these stable nickel isotopes. Assuming the unlikely case all nickel 62 and nickel 64 atoms were fused(which is unlikely) with a proton (hydrogen nucleus), the amount of copper would not amount to even 10% of the resulting mass. Even an alternative reaction chain with unstable isotopes is impossible based on the measured isotope ratios and the absence of radiation. It would be possible to assume nickel&nbsp;58 as starting isotope which would become copper&nbsp;59 and decay to nickel&nbsp;59. Which in turn would become copper&nbsp;60 and decay to nickel&nbsp;60 which would fuse to copper&nbsp;61, decay to nickel&nbsp;61 and fuse to copper&nbsp;62 and decay to nickel&nbsp;62. In the end stable copper&nbsp;63 would be formed. But this would necessitate a completely different copper isotope ratio then found in the analysis.

==Experiments in april 2011==

==Experiments in April 2011==

[[image:19042011_2.jpg|temperature and claimed working conditions of the 19th of april test|350px|thumb]]

[[image:19042011_2.jpg|Temperature graph and alleged working conditions of the test on April&nbsp;19|350px|thumb]]

[[image:28042011_1.jpg|2 heating resistors are switched on (9/3)|left|thumb]]

[[image:28042011_1.jpg|Both heating resistors are switched on (9/3)|left|thumb]]

[[image:28042011_4.jpg|temperature and claimed working conditions of the 28th of april test|350px|thumb]]

[[image:28042011_4.jpg|Temperature graph and alleged working conditions of the test on April&nbsp;28|350px|thumb]]

[[image:28042011_2.jpg|possibly, Rossi modified the heating power, when journalist Mats Lewan was returning from another room (picture: sreenshot from a video of Mats Lewan)|left|thumb]]

[[image:28042011_2.jpg|Possible manipulation the heating regulation by Rossi during the experiment|left|thumb]]

The days 19 and 28 of april, two further tests were performed in presence of swedish journalist Mats Lewan (Nyteknik). The apparatus was heating water and seemed to produce some steam on some occasion. According to Lewan, heating power was only 315 W. Rossi claimed, that heat produced would amount to more than 2 kW. There is no published report so far. Lewan released two pdf file relating to the tests.([http://www.nyteknik.se/incoming/article3166567.ece/BINARY/Report+test+of+E-cat+19+April+2011.pdf] [http://www.nyteknik.se/incoming/article3166569.ece/BINARY/Report+test+of+E-cat+28+April+2011.pdf]). He made also a video of the test of 28th of april.<ref>http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3166451.ece</ref>.  

On April 19 and April 28 the ECat was presented to the Swedish reporter Mats Lewan (Nyteknik journal). To measure the produced energy water was heated and with an input of just 300&nbsp;Watts allegedly several litres of water evaporated. Rossi estimated the heating output at more than 2&nbsp;kW. A regular publication of the results did not happen. Details were published by a thrilled Lewan just on some websites in the Internet ([http://www.nyteknik.se/incoming/article3166567.ece/BINARY/Report+test+of+E-cat+19+April+2011.pdf] [http://www.nyteknik.se/incoming/article3166569.ece/BINARY/Report+test+of+E-cat+28+April+2011.pdf]). A short video of the experiment on April&nbsp;28, 2011 is available.<ref>http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3166451.ece</ref> The dosimetric pump LMI&nbsp;P18 was used again. Water throughput was given as 63-69&nbsp;ml/min this time, a value which is possible according to the specifications by the manufacturer. The stroke frequency was 32/min. With a stroke-volume of 2&nbsp;ml (maximum) the throughput is 64&nbsp;ml/min, a value which corresponds to the values given by other measurements during the experiment. The weight of the pumped water was measured several times as it flowed in a specified time through the device. Since the electrical heating power of 315&nbsp;Watt was just measured once at startup with a pliers ammeter it is unclear if the heating input was constant. When the reporter Lewan walked into an adjoining room with his video camera and returned, Rossi was seen fiddling with the heating regulation. It is therefore unclear if the input was constant during the experiment.

A further experiment, allegedly planned for April&nbsp;21, 2011<ref>http://energycatalyzer.blogspot.com/2011/04/rossi-brings-e-cat-to-stockholm-royal.html</ref>, where the E-Cat was supposed to be given to the Swedish scientists Sven Kullander and Hanno Essén from Uppsala university for testing, was denied by Rossi in retrospect.<ref>http://energycatalyzer.blogspot.com/2011/04/andrea-rossi-no-e-cat-test-at-uppsala.html</ref>

 

 

A further experiment, allegedly planned for April 21, 2011<ref>http://energycatalyzer.blogspot.com/2011/04/rossi-brings-e-cat-to-stockholm-royal.html</ref>, where the E-Cat would have been given to the Swedish scientists Sven Kullander and Hanno Essén of University Uppsala for testing, was denied in afterwards by Rossi.<ref>http://energycatalyzer.blogspot.com/2011/04/andrea-rossi-no-e-cat-test-at-uppsala.html</ref>

==Attempts to replicate the experiments==

==Attempts to replicate the experiments==

:''The authors state, "We have found the [Piantelli-Focardi group’s] results to be consistent with our observations; namely we measured higher temperatures for the same input power when hydrogen is absorbed during a heating cycle. Nevertheless this temperature rise does not appear to correspond to an increase in heat production. We have added a temperature sensor to the container of the experiment. The temperature of the container follows the same temperature with input power curve irrespective of whether there is an anomalous absorption of hydrogen or not; therefore we have no evidence that this temperature increase corresponds to another source of heat. In conclusion, we have observed all the effects discovered by Focardi et&nbsp;al., but our results imply that there is no production of power associated with the absorption of hydrogen by nickel."''<ref>Cerron-Zeballos, E., Crotty, I., Hatzifotiadou, D., Lamas Valverde, J., Williams, M.C.S., and Zichichi, A., "''[http://www.newenergytimes.com/Library/1996Cerron-InvestigationOfAnomalous.pdf Investigation of Anomalous Heat Production in Ni-H Systems]''". Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 109A, p. 1645-1654, (1996).</ref>

:''The authors state, "We have found the [Piantelli-Focardi group’s] results to be consistent with our observations; namely we measured higher temperatures for the same input power when hydrogen is absorbed during a heating cycle. Nevertheless this temperature rise does not appear to correspond to an increase in heat production. We have added a temperature sensor to the container of the experiment. The temperature of the container follows the same temperature with input power curve irrespective of whether there is an anomalous absorption of hydrogen or not; therefore we have no evidence that this temperature increase corresponds to another source of heat. In conclusion, we have observed all the effects discovered by Focardi et&nbsp;al., but our results imply that there is no production of power associated with the absorption of hydrogen by nickel."''<ref>Cerron-Zeballos, E., Crotty, I., Hatzifotiadou, D., Lamas Valverde, J., Williams, M.C.S., and Zichichi, A., "''[http://www.newenergytimes.com/Library/1996Cerron-InvestigationOfAnomalous.pdf Investigation of Anomalous Heat Production in Ni-H Systems]''". Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 109A, p. 1645-1654, (1996).</ref>

In 1998/1999, a further attempt to replicate the tests of the principle was carried out by scientists Luigi Nosenzo and Luigi Cattaneo in Pavia (Italy). Again, no fusion reaction or release of energy was established over the course of several months.<ref>Adalberto Piazzoli. "[http://www.cicap.org/new/articolo.php?id=273588 ''Fusione Fredda? Una ricerca italiana'']". CICAP - Scienza & Paranormale N. 78 (Mai 2008)</ref>

In 1998/1999, a further attempt to replicate the tests of the principle was carried out by scientists Luigi Nosenzo and Luigi Cattaneo in Pavia (Italy). Again, no fusion reaction or release of energy could be established over the course of several months.<ref>Adalberto Piazzoli. "[http://www.cicap.org/new/articolo.php?id=273588 ''Fusione Fredda? Una ricerca italiana'']". CICAP - Scienza & Paranormale N. 78 (Mai 2008)</ref>

==Inventor Andrea Rossi==

==Inventor Andrea Rossi==

[[image:petroldragon3.jpg|The Petroldragon-area (Source: newspaper L'Unita")|left|thumb]]

[[image:petroldragon3.jpg|The Petroldragon-area (Source: newspaper L'Unita")|left|thumb]]

[[image:petroldragon2.jpg|Andrea Rossi before a reactor of Petroldragon (Source: newspaper L'Unita")|thumb]]

[[image:petroldragon2.jpg|Andrea Rossi before a reactor of Petroldragon (Source: newspaper L'Unita")|thumb]]

 

The "Rossi Energy Amplifier" is not the first invention made by Andrea Rossi. During the 1970ies and 1980ies, he tried to produce hydrocarbons from waste to no avail. This resulted in several law suits and criminal cases with prison sentences against the "Sheik of Brianza" (''Sceicco della Brianza'', sheik because he claimed to produce oil from industrial waste. Brianza is a region north of Milan). The law suits were also known as "Petroldragon affair", since Rossi's company was named "Petroldragon". Italian Wikipedia has an article about the affair: [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroldragon Petroldragon]. Rossi was convicted because he did not dispose of large amounts(58,000&nbsp;tons) of toxic wastes in accordance with regulations, and for trafficking waste materials. According to an article in the Italian newspaper "Corriere della Sera" for April 6, 1995 Rossi and a Michele Pizzato were arrested twice.<ref>FASANO GIUSI, "Corriere della Sera" vom 6. April 1995:<br><br>

The "Rossi Energy Amplifier" is not the first invention made by Andrea Rossi. During the 1970ies and 1980ies, he tried to produce hydrocarbons from waste to no avail. This resulted in several law suits and criminal cases with prison sentences against the "Sheik of Brianza" (''Sceicco della Brianza'', sheik because he claimed to produce oil from industrial waste; Brianza is a region north of Milan). The law suits were also known as "Petroldragon affair", since Rossi's company was called "Petroldragon". Italian Wikipedia has an article about the affair: [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroldragon Petroldragon]. Rossi was convicted because he did not dispose of large amounts(58,000 tons) of toxic wastes in accordance with regulations, and for trafficking waste materials. According to an article in the Italian newspaper "Corriere della Sera" for April 6, 1995 Rossi and a Michele Pizzato were arrested twice.<ref>FASANO GIUSI, "Corriere della Sera" vom 6. April 1995:<br><br>

Manette bis per Andrea Rossi<br>La Procura di Ariano Irpino accusa l’ inventore del ” refluo petrolio ” di riciclaggio di denaro sporco. Ricercato il corriere della banda che avrebbe trasferito con furgoni blindati oltre 2&nbsp;tonnellate d’ oro<br>

Manette bis per Andrea Rossi<br>La Procura di Ariano Irpino accusa l’ inventore del ” refluo petrolio ” di riciclaggio di denaro sporco. Ricercato il corriere della banda che avrebbe trasferito con furgoni blindati oltre 2 tonnellate d’ oro<br>

MONZA. Se finora ha creduto di essere nei guai si e’ sbagliato. Andrea Rossi, inventore del chiacchierato procedimento per trasformare in petrolio la spazzatura e i rifiuti industriali, e’ molto piu’ che in semplici guai. Di tutte le “tegole” che gli sono piovute addosso finora, la piu’ pesante e’ arrivata ieri dalla Procura di Ariano Irpino, in provincia di Avellino. Il giudice delle indagini preliminari Vincenzo Caputo ha emesso, su richiesta del sostituto Rosario Baglioni, un’ ordinanza di custodia cautelare contro di lui per associazione a delinquere finalizzata al riciclaggio di capitali di illecita provenienza e alla frode fiscale. La presunta organizzazione a delinquere sarebbe formata, oltre che dall’ ideatore del “refluo petrolio” e da una persona per ora irreperibile, anche da Michele Pizzato, italiano con residenza in Svizzera, uomo di fiducia di Andrea Rossi e, negli ultimi tempi, suo compagno di “sventura”. Una sventura cominciata un paio di settimane fa con le conclusioni di una inchiesta condotta dal sostituto procuratore monzese Salvatore Bellomo. Alla fine delle sue indagini, il pm monzese aveva chiesto e ottenuto l’ arresto sia di Rossi che di Pizzato per associazione a delinquere finalizzata alla falsa fatturazione e alla frode fiscale. L’ accusa riguardava la documentazione fittizia che i due avrebbero compilato per attestare la compravendita e l’ esportazione di decine di chili d’ oro, merce di cui Rossi si occupa da quasi due anni come titolare dell’ oreficeria “St. Andre’ ” di Milano (societa’ che lavora l’ oro a Luogosano, in provincia di Avellino). I due erano percio’ finiti in carcere, sperando che il castello di accuse crollasse dopo gli interrogatori. Errore. Perche’ i fatti contestati dal pm monzese hanno trovato conferma nell’ inchiesta del collega di Ariano Irpino, che da oltre un anno stava seguendo praticamente lo stesso filone d’ indagine e che adesso, nelle sue ipotesi d’ accusa, si spinge fino all’ associazione finalizzata al riciclaggio di denaro sporco. In un comunicato stampa diffuso ieri dal comando di gruppo della Guardia di Finanza di Avellino si parla in dettaglio della nuova ordinanza di custodia notificata in carcere a Rossi e Pizzato. Risulterebbe, com’ era gia’ noto dall’ inchiesta monzese, che 46&nbsp;miliardi di lingotti d’ oro (ben 2.323 chili) avrebbero passato il confine italiano solo sulla carta e, inoltre, che l’ associazione a cui farebbe capo Rossi avrebbe evaso tributi per 120&nbsp;miliardi con false esportazioni di congegni ad alta tecnologia. Il terzo uomo ricercato e’ il trasportatore dei lingotti, un personaggio abituato a muoversi su furgoni blindati. Sul trasferimento di fondi verso paradisi fiscali come il Liechtenstein, i finanzieri sostengono che “l’ articolazione dell’ organizzazione” era tale da far intuire che l’ obiettivo fosse anche anche il riciclaggio di denaro sporco.<br>

MONZA. Se finora ha creduto di essere nei guai si e’ sbagliato. Andrea Rossi, inventore del chiacchierato procedimento per trasformare in petrolio la spazzatura e i rifiuti industriali, e’ molto piu’ che in semplici guai. Di tutte le “tegole” che gli sono piovute addosso finora, la piu’ pesante e’ arrivata ieri dalla Procura di Ariano Irpino, in provincia di Avellino. Il giudice delle indagini preliminari Vincenzo Caputo ha emesso, su richiesta del sostituto Rosario Baglioni, un’ ordinanza di custodia cautelare contro di lui per associazione a delinquere finalizzata al riciclaggio di capitali di illecita provenienza e alla frode fiscale. La presunta organizzazione a delinquere sarebbe formata, oltre che dall’ ideatore del “refluo petrolio” e da una persona per ora irreperibile, anche da Michele Pizzato, italiano con residenza in Svizzera, uomo di fiducia di Andrea Rossi e, negli ultimi tempi, suo compagno di “sventura”. Una sventura cominciata un paio di settimane fa con le conclusioni di una inchiesta condotta dal sostituto procuratore monzese Salvatore Bellomo. Alla fine delle sue indagini, il pm monzese aveva chiesto e ottenuto l’ arresto sia di Rossi che di Pizzato per associazione a delinquere finalizzata alla falsa fatturazione e alla frode fiscale. L’ accusa riguardava la documentazione fittizia che i due avrebbero compilato per attestare la compravendita e l’ esportazione di decine di chili d’ oro, merce di cui Rossi si occupa da quasi due anni come titolare dell’ oreficeria “St. Andre’ ” di Milano (societa’ che lavora l’ oro a Luogosano, in provincia di Avellino). I due erano percio’ finiti in carcere, sperando che il castello di accuse crollasse dopo gli interrogatori. Errore. Perche’ i fatti contestati dal pm monzese hanno trovato conferma nell’ inchiesta del collega di Ariano Irpino, che da oltre un anno stava seguendo praticamente lo stesso filone d’ indagine e che adesso, nelle sue ipotesi d’ accusa, si spinge fino all’ associazione finalizzata al riciclaggio di denaro sporco. In un comunicato stampa diffuso ieri dal comando di gruppo della Guardia di Finanza di Avellino si parla in dettaglio della nuova ordinanza di custodia notificata in carcere a Rossi e Pizzato. Risulterebbe, com’ era gia’ noto dall’ inchiesta monzese, che 46 miliardi di lingotti d’ oro (ben 2,323 chili) avrebbero passato il confine italiano solo sulla carta e, inoltre, che l’ associazione a cui farebbe capo Rossi avrebbe evaso tributi per 120 miliardi con false esportazioni di congegni ad alta tecnologia. Il terzo uomo ricercato e’ il trasportatore dei lingotti, un personaggio abituato a muoversi su furgoni blindati. Sul trasferimento di fondi verso paradisi fiscali come il Liechtenstein, i finanzieri sostengono che “l’ articolazione dell’ organizzazione” era tale da far intuire che l’ obiettivo fosse anche anche il riciclaggio di denaro sporco.<br>

E da Milano nuova incriminazione. Smaltimento clandestino di veleni<br>

E da Milano nuova incriminazione. Smaltimento clandestino di veleni<br>

MILANO. Petrolio dai rifiuti tossici? Macche’ , le 58&nbsp;mila tonnellate di liquami industriali accumulate dalla Petrol Dragon nelle cisterne dell’ ex raffineria Omar di Lacchiarella erano e restano un cocktail di veleni assolutamente non riciclabile. Andrea Rossi, rappresentante legale dell’ azienda, e il liquidatore Alessandro Reale sono stati incriminati dalla Procura circondariale di Milano per stoccaggio e smaltimento abusivo di rifiuti tossico nocivi. La Regione ha gia’ deciso di costituirsi parte civile, anche per ottenere i 50 60&nbsp;miliardi necessari alla bonifica. L’ inchiesta era stata avviata il 14&nbsp;dicembre ‘ 93 dopo il sequestro, da parte del Corpo forestale dello Stato, di un’ autocisterna proveniente dal deposito Petrol Dragon di Piossasco (Torino), sorpresa a scaricare nei serbatoi di Lacchiarella 10&nbsp;tonnellate di liquami con altissime percentuali di Pcb (policlorobifenile), una sostanza tossica e sospetta cancerogena.<br>Fasano Giusi</ref> As a member of a "gang" and "criminal organisation" he is said to have smuggled two tons of gold in a money laundering operation.

MILANO . Petrolio dai rifiuti tossici? Macche’ , le 58 mila tonnellate di liquami industriali accumulate dalla Petrol Dragon nelle cisterne dell’ ex raffineria Omar di Lacchiarella erano e restano un cocktail di veleni assolutamente non riciclabile. Andrea Rossi, rappresentante legale dell’ azienda, e il liquidatore Alessandro Reale sono stati incriminati dalla Procura circondariale di Milano per stoccaggio e smaltimento abusivo di rifiuti tossico nocivi. La Regione ha gia’ deciso di costituirsi parte civile, anche per ottenere i 50 60 miliardi necessari alla bonifica. L’ inchiesta era stata avviata il 14 dicembre ‘ 93 dopo il sequestro, da parte del Corpo forestale dello Stato, di un’ autocisterna proveniente dal deposito Petrol Dragon di Piossasco (Torino), sorpresa a scaricare nei serbatoi di Lacchiarella 10 tonnellate di liquami con altissime percentuali di Pcb (policlorobifenile), una sostanza tossica e sospetta cancerogena.

Fasano Giusi

 

MILANO . Petrolio dai rifiuti tossici? Macche’ , le 58 mila tonnellate di liquami industriali accumulate dalla Petrol Dragon nelle cisterne dell’ ex raffineria Omar di Lacchiarella erano e restano un cocktail di veleni assolutamente non riciclabile. Andrea Rossi, rappresentante legale dell’ azienda, e il liquidatore Alessandro Reale sono stati incriminati dalla Procura circondariale di Milano per stoccaggio e smaltimento abusivo di rifiuti tossico nocivi. La Regione ha gia’ deciso di costituirsi parte civile, anche per ottenere i 50 60 miliardi necessari alla bonifica. L’ inchiesta era stata avviata il 14 dicembre ‘ 93 dopo il sequestro, da parte del Corpo forestale dello Stato, di un’ autocisterna proveniente dal deposito Petrol Dragon di Piossasco (Torino), sorpresa a scaricare nei serbatoi di Lacchiarella 10 tonnellate di liquami con altissime percentuali di Pcb (policlorobifenile), una sostanza tossica e sospetta cancerogena.

FASANO GIUSI</ref> As a member of a "gang" and "criminal organisation" he is said to have smuggled two tons of gold in a money laundering operation.

Rossi, however, perceived this as a repression of his allegedly ecological conversion technology. He migrated to USA after a series of criminal proceedings. Currently, investments (EON&nbsp;Srl) are operated by his wife Maddalena Pascucci.

Rossi, however, perceived this as a repression of his allegedly ecological conversion technology. He was also accused of fiscal offences and illegal gold trading. He migrated to USA after a series of criminal proceedings. Currently, investments (EON&nbsp;Srl) are operated by his wife Maddalena Pascucci.

In his curriculum vitae presenting his occupational history on his website<ref>http://ingandrearossi.com/gli-inizi/</ref> (see picture on the right dated March 4, 2011), Rossi specifies he graduated in philosophy at the University of Milan. He claims as a second "Laurea" title (common term for a final degree at an Italian University with an obligatory doctorate) in "Ingegneria Chimica" (chemical engineering) at a Californian "Kensington University Inc.". This company was officially registered in Hawaii, but operated from Glendale in California<ref>Kensington University, 520&nbsp;E Broadway Suite&nbsp;400, Glendale, CA&nbsp;91205 </ref> and was a wellknown [[diploma mill]] until it was shut down on court orders.<ref>Artikel aus der "LA-Times": ''Kensington University Faces Closure Hearing''. April 23, 1996 | JOHN CHANDLER, TIMES STAFF WRITER.<br>Kensington University has no classrooms, laboratories or dorms. Its students don't play football, join fraternities or linger dreamily on a quadrangle. In fact, the entire campus is housed in a small Glendale office building. Recruiting from across the nation, the school runs a program in which students studying entirely at home can earn anything from a bachelor's degree to a doctorate--all without ever attending a single class or even meeting their instructors face to face.</ref><ref>http://www.osac.state.or.us/oda/unaccredited.aspx</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unaccredited_institutions_of_higher_education</ref>. IThe company was sentenced to restitute all former customers (see picture to the left). The company had been reported to the law by a consumer protection organisation.<ref>http://hawaii.gov/dcca/ocp/udgi/lawsuits/kensington/kensington_u_dj.pdf</ref>

 

In a curriculum vitae presenting his occupational history available on his website<ref>http://ingandrearossi.com/gli-inizi/</ref> (see picture on the right dated March 4, 2011), Rossi specifies he graduated in philosophy at the University of Milan and mentions a second "Laurea" title (common term for a final degree at an Italian University with an obligatory doctorate) in "Ingegneria Chimica" (chemical engineering) at a Californian "Kensington University Inc.". This company was officially registered in Hawaii, but operated from Glendale in California<ref>Kensington University, 520&nbsp;E Broadway Suite&nbsp;400, Glendale, CA&nbsp;91205 </ref> and was a wellknown [[diploma mill]] until it was shut down on court orders.<ref>Artikel aus der "LA-Times": ''Kensington University Faces Closure Hearing''. April 23, 1996 | JOHN CHANDLER, TIMES STAFF WRITER.<br>Kensington University has no classrooms, laboratories or dorms. Its students don't play football, join fraternities or linger dreamily on a quadrangle. In fact, the entire campus is housed in a small Glendale office building. Recruiting from across the nation, the school runs a program in which students studying entirely at home can earn anything from a bachelor's degree to a doctorate--all without ever attending a single class or even meeting their instructors face to face.</ref><ref>http://www.osac.state.or.us/oda/unaccredited.aspx</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unaccredited_institutions_of_higher_education</ref> The company was sentenced to restitute all former customers (see picture to the left) after it had been reported by a consumer protection organisation.<ref>http://hawaii.gov/dcca/ocp/udgi/lawsuits/kensington/kensington_u_dj.pdf</ref>

In March 2011 Andrea Rossi was confronted by a journalist with accusations of holding an engineering title from a diploma mill. Rossi replied that the title was a ''honorary title'' which was given to him for an earlier patent regarding bio fuel. He claims that he doesn't know anything about the company "Kensington University Inc.". He also said that he has a regular title ''Dottore Magistrale in Filosofia'' of Università degli Studi di Milano from 10. Dezember 1975<ref>Contribution of user Matslewan on March 23, 2011 in English Wikipedia: ''As a journalist I have interviewed Rossi and he says that the title from Kensington University is an honorary title he gained because of an earlier patent regarding bio fuel. He claims he knows no more about this university.''</ref>

In March 2011 Andrea Rossi was confronted by a journalist with accusations of holding an engineering title from a diploma mill. Rossi replied that the title was a ''honorary title'' which was given to him for an earlier patent regarding bio fuel. He claims that he doesn't know anything about the company "Kensington University Inc.". He also said that he has a regular title ''Dottore Magistrale in Filosofia'' of Università degli Studi di Milano from 10. Dezember 1975<ref>Contribution of user Matslewan on March 23, 2011 in English Wikipedia: ''As a journalist I have interviewed Rossi and he says that the title from Kensington University is an honorary title he gained because of an earlier patent regarding bio fuel. He claims he knows no more about this university.''</ref>

In his blog "journal of nuclear physics" catholic Rossi questions the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin as explanation for the origin of mankind and attempted to portrait the nuclear weapons tests in the Pacific Ocean in the 60s of the last century as a plausible cause for the quakes in Japan:

In his blog "journal of nuclear physics" catholic Rossi questions the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin as explanation for the origin of mankind and attempted to portrait the nuclear weapons tests in the Pacific Ocean in the 60s of the last century as a plausible cause for the quakes in Japan:

:''I can’t read the mind of God. But I have a doubt, about what happened in Japan: are we sure that all the atomic bombs explosions tested in the Pacific Ocean did not change the configuration of the bottom of the sea in that area? I read that few inches of displacement of the bottom sea has caused that disaster…''<ref>http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=360#comments</ref><br><br>

:''I can’t read the mind of God. But I have a doubt, about what happened in Japan: are we sure that all the atomic bombs explosions tested in the Pacific Ocean did not change the configuration of the bottom of the sea in that area? I read that few inches of displacement of the bottom sea has caused that disaster…''<ref>http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=360#comments</ref><br><br>

==EON&nbsp;Srl and Leonardo Corporation==

==EON&nbsp;Srl and Leonardo Corporation==

The company EON&nbsp;Srl (apparently owned by Rossi), which is often mentioned in connection with the subject, is registered both in Bondeno<ref>Eon&nbsp;S.r.l., V.&nbsp;C.ragazzi&nbsp;18, I-44012&nbsp;Bondeno</ref> and in Rome<ref>EON&nbsp;Srl, Via Ottaviano&nbsp;66, Roma</ref> . The Bodeno location is said to have been heated by an "E-cat" device virtually for free for a long time. Rossi also claims he is also producing hot water in his home with an E-cat. For both claims no independent evidence exists.

The company EON&nbsp;Srl (apparently owned by Rossi), often mentioned in connection with the subject, is registered both in Bondeno<ref>Eon&nbsp;S.r.l., V.&nbsp;C.ragazzi&nbsp;18, I-44012&nbsp;Bondeno</ref> and in Rome<ref>EON&nbsp;Srl, Via Ottaviano&nbsp;66, Roma</ref>. At the location of Bodeno, an "E-cat" device is said to have provided heating for premises virtually for free. Rossi also claims he is also producing hot water in his home with an E-cat. For both claims no independent evidence exists.

In the course of 2011, inventors and undisclosed non-Italian investors(allegedly Greeks) plan to offer ready-made reactors for industrial application under the marketing name "Hyperion" (not to confuse with a concept for small fission reactors of the same name in the USA). There is an official permission dating from 2006 which enables Italian EON&nbsp;Srl to operate a small power plant, fuelled by biodiesel, of an electric power of up to 1 megawatt in the town of Bondero. Inventors claim they currently also work at a small power plant which combines 120 interconnected energy-amplifier reactors of the same electric power of 1,000 kws either in Greece or in the USA which is supposed to be finished by October 2011 and cost 2 million dollar. Its manufacturer is a Greek company by the name of „Defkalion Green Technologies S.A.“.

In the course of 2011, inventors and undisclosed non-Italian investors(allegedly Greeks) plan to offer ready-made reactors for industrial application under the marketing name "Hyperion" (not to confuse with a concept for small fission reactors of the same name in the USA). There is an official permission dating from 2006 which enables Italian EON&nbsp;Srl to operate a small power plant, fuelled by bio diesel, producing electric power up to 1 megawatt in the town of Bondero. Inventors also claim to currently work on a small power plant which combines 120 interconnected energy-amplifier reactors of equal electric power of 1,000 kWs either in Greece or in USA, which is supposed to be finished by October 2011 and cost 2 million dollar. As manufacturer the Greek company „Defkalion Green Technologies S.A.“ is mentioned.

There is a ''Leonardo Corporation''<ref>Leonardo Corporation, 116 South River Road, Bedford, N.H. 03110 - USA. Webseite: http://leonardocorp1996.com</ref> located in Bedford, New Hampshire, allegedly Rossi's employer. Their e-mail address is identical with the one of EON&nbsp;Srl in Italy. This company and Greek Defkalion are supposed to build the future "reactors". Currently, Leonardo Corporation offers electric generators fueled by biodiesel (with turbo chargers and intercooling). The company claims a high degree of efficiency due to its patented "EON" technology which was able to recover incurred thermal losses.

While Rossi's "Leonardo Corp." will cover business in USA, it is apparently planned to pass sales rights for the rest of the world, but at least for Europe, to Defkalion. According to the Greek newspaper "Investors World" an old factory in Xanthi has already been bought for testing of the 1MW plant with energy catalyzers of Rossi. The same source claims a collaboration with a "Prof. Christos Stremmenos" and that Defkalion is a 200 million investment. Half of it will go as royalties to the inventor.<ref name="talefta" /><ref name="scan" /><ref name="Investors World Article" />According to Rossi, production of E-cat will commence even if the patent finally will not be granted. He was also prepared to continue production if competitors see through his invention by reverse engineering.<ref>Information obtained from chat at Nyeteknik dd. March 12, 2011</ref>

There is a ''Leonardo Corporation''<ref>Leonardo Corporation, 116 South River Road, Bedford, N.H. 03110 - USA. Webseite: http://leonardocorp1996.com</ref> located in Bedford, New Hampshire, allegedly Rossi's employer. Their e-mail address is identical with EON&nbsp;Srl's in Italy. This company and Greek Defkalion are supposed to build the future "reactors". It offers currently electric generators fuelled by bio diesel (with turbo chargers and intercooling). The company claims a high degree of efficiency due to its patented "EON" technology which was able to recover incurred thermal losses.

==Leonardo Technologies Inc.==

==Leonardo Technologies Inc.==

[[image:LTI.jpg|Thermoelectric wonder device of LTI|thumb]]

[[image:LTI.jpg|Thermoelectric wonder device of LTI|thumb]]

Leonardo Technologies Inc. (LTI) is another US-American company of Andrea Rossi. The LTI in Manchester(NH/USA) tried to develop thermoelectric modules with wondrous degrees of efficiency. Such elements work due to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect thermoelectric effect] (see also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_cooling Thermoelectric cooling] enabling them to convert temperature differences to electrical voltage. Voltage is very low but through serial circuits higher voltage can be achieved. Efficiency is known to be very low. It lies between 2 and 4 percent and useful applications are limited to special needs ("Plutonium cells", satellite supply without sun collectors). Such converters would be only of commercial interest if efficiencies beyond 15% were achieved. The LIT claimed to have realized thermoelectric modules (TE-device) with 20% efficiency. It was also claimed that they could build big converters with a capacity of several kilowatts. Collaboration with the university of New Hampshire was agreed upon. A device with 1 A and 100 volt (100 watt) was shown. Rossi continued the research later in Italy. The American Department of Defence showed interest and had the company CTC (in Johnstown, PA) test several devices of LIT and released a test protocoll<ref>http://dodfuelcell.cecer.army.mil/library_items/Thermo(2004).pdf</ref>. The devices proved not very reliable. Out of 27 devices just 8 worked at all and instead of the claimed 800 to 1000 watt they had just produced 1 Watt of power. Further problems were thermal expansion and contact issues. Other later sent devices could not produce more power than a normal commercially available device.

Leonardo Technologies Inc. (LTI) is another US-American company of Andrea Rossi. LTI in Manchester(NH/USA) tried to develop thermoelectric modules with wondrous degrees of efficiency. Such elements work due to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect thermoelectric effect] (see also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_cooling Thermoelectric cooling] enabling them to convert temperature differences to electrical voltage. Voltage is very low but through serial circuits higher voltage can be achieved. Efficiency is known to be very low. It lies between 2 and 4 percent and useful applications are limited to special needs ("Plutonium cells", satellite supply without sun collectors). Such converters would be only of commercial interest if efficiencies beyond 15% were achieved. LIT claimed to have realized thermoelectric modules (TE-device) with 20% efficiency. It was also claimed that they could build big converters with a capacity of several kilowatts. A collaboration with the university of New Hampshire was agreed upon. A device with 1&nbsp;A and 100&nbsp;volt (100&nbsp;watt) was shown. Rossi continued his research later in Italy. The American Department of Defence showed interest, had the company CTC (in Johnstown, PA) test several devices of LIT and released a test protocol<ref>http://dodfuelcell.cecer.army.mil/library_items/Thermo(2004).pdf</ref>. The modules did not prove to be very reliable. Out of 27&nbsp;devices just eight worked at all. Instead of the claimed 800&nbsp;to 1000&nbsp;watt they had just produced 1&nbsp; Watt of power Further problems were thermal expansion and contact issues. Other modules sent later did not produce more power than a normal commercially available device.

==Defkalion Green Technologies==

==Defkalion Green Technologies==