Änderungen

==Literatur==

==Literatur==

*Markus Rienth, Frederic Lamy, Clément Chessex, Thierry Heger: "Effect of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on vine and berry physiology, pedology and the soil microbiome", viticulture, 9.12.2024, https://doi.org/10.20870/IVES-TR.2024.8396. Zitat: ''This study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on vine physiology, berry quality, and soil properties in a Swiss vineyard. - Results and Discussion - Yield and Vine Vigour Vine physiological parameters, such as yield per square meter, pruning weight per meter of shoot, and leaf nitrogen content (N-tester readings) did not show significant differences between biodynamically treated and control vines (Figure 1). This aligns with previous research, indicating that biodynamic preparations have minimal impact on vine vegetative growth1. The absence of yield differences corroborates findings from studies on various grape varieties, including Merlot, Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Riesling.<br>Photosynthesis Net photosynthesis exhibited a significant difference at only one measurement point (8 May 2018; Figure 1D). This isolated finding suggests that the biodynamic preparations may have had a transient effect on photosynthetic activity, though it was not consistent across other measurement periods. This result is consistent with other long-term studies on Riesling, which also reported negligible differences in photosynthetic rates between biodynamic and organic treatments.<br>Berry Quality  Berry quality parameters, including sugar concentration, individual berry weight, and organic acid concentrations (malic and tartaric acids), did not differ significantly between the treatments. This is consistent with most published studies, which generally report no significant differences in sugar concentrations between biodynamic and organic management.''

*Markus Rienth, Frederic Lamy, Clément Chessex, Thierry Heger: "Effect of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on vine and berry physiology, pedology and the soil microbiome", viticulture, 9.12.2024, https://doi.org/10.20870/IVES-TR.2024.8396. Zitat: ''This study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on vine physiology, berry quality, and soil properties in a Swiss vineyard. - Results and Discussion - Yield and Vine Vigour Vine physiological parameters, such as yield per square meter, pruning weight per meter of shoot, and leaf nitrogen content (N-tester readings) did not show significant differences between biodynamically treated and control vines (Figure 1). This aligns with previous research, indicating that biodynamic preparations have minimal impact on vine vegetative growth1. The absence of yield differences corroborates findings from studies on various grape varieties, including Merlot, Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Riesling.<br>Photosynthesis Net photosynthesis exhibited a significant difference at only one measurement point (8 May 2018; Figure 1D). This isolated finding suggests that the biodynamic preparations may have had a transient effect on photosynthetic activity, though it was not consistent across other measurement periods. This result is consistent with other long-term studies on Riesling, which also reported negligible differences in photosynthetic rates between biodynamic and organic treatments.<br>Berry Quality  Berry quality parameters, including sugar concentration, individual berry weight, and organic acid concentrations (malic and tartaric acids), did not differ significantly between the treatments. This is consistent with most published studies, which generally report no significant differences in sugar concentrations between biodynamic and organic management.<br>Our findings align with a broad body of literature, suggesting that biodynamic viticulture does not confer significant advantages or disadvantages over organic viticulture in terms of vine and berry physiology, soil physical properties, or soil microbiome composition (reviewed by Döring et al., 20199). However, some studies have noted minor differences in sensory properties and yield under specific conditions.<br>The lack of consistent and significant benefits of biodynamic preparations in our study raises questions about the added value of these practices, especially considering the higher production costs associated with biodynamic farming, which are 10 to 15 % higher than in organic production11. While biodynamic farming is promoted for its potential environmental benefits and improved crop quality, our results suggest that these claims require further substantiation through controlled, long-term (6 years) studies in which different measurement parameters are included.<br>Conclusion - The five-year study conducted in a commercial vineyard in Switzerland provides evidence that biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 do not significantly enhance vine physiology, yield, berry quality, or soil health compared to organic management. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate regarding the efficacy and value of biodynamic practices in viticulture. Further research, particularly that focusing on long-term and multi-site studies, is essential to fully understand the potential benefits and limitations of biodynamic viticulture.''

*Dirk Maxeiner und Michael Miersch: Lexikon der Öko-Irrtümer. Fakten statt Umweltmythen. Verlag: Piper; Oktober 2002, ISBN-10: 3492237940

*Dirk Maxeiner und Michael Miersch: Lexikon der Öko-Irrtümer. Fakten statt Umweltmythen. Verlag: Piper; Oktober 2002, ISBN-10: 3492237940

*Dirk Maxeiner, Michael Miersch: Biokost & Ökokult – Welches Essen ist wirklich gut für uns und unsere Umwelt, Piper-Verlag, 2008 [http://www.animal-health-online.de/main/astraler-mist-und-okomythen-die-wissenschaftsjournalisten-maxeiner-und-miersch-schauen-hinter-die-kulissen-der-biolandwirtschaft/#more-41 Kurzrezension]

*Dirk Maxeiner, Michael Miersch: Biokost & Ökokult – Welches Essen ist wirklich gut für uns und unsere Umwelt, Piper-Verlag, 2008 [http://www.animal-health-online.de/main/astraler-mist-und-okomythen-die-wissenschaftsjournalisten-maxeiner-und-miersch-schauen-hinter-die-kulissen-der-biolandwirtschaft/#more-41 Kurzrezension]