18.323
Bearbeitungen
Änderungen
→Mögliche genotoxische Effekte nicht-ionisierender Strahlung?
Den positiven Versuchsergebnissen steht jedoch eine große Zahl an publizierten Versuchsergebnissen gegenüber (darunter auch direkte Replikationsversuche oben genannter Arbeiten), die zeigen, dass bei hochfrequenter Befeldung (sogar bis 100 Watt/kg) es nicht zu DNA-Strangbrüchen kommt. Allerdings konnten als Nebenergebnis Einflüsse durch verschiedene Tötungsarten von Versuchstieren gezeigt werden.<ref>Malyapa R. S., E. W. Ahern, et al. (1997). "Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation." Radiat. Res. 148(6): 608-617.</ref><ref>Malyapa R. S., E. W. Ahern, et al. (1997). "Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the cellular phone communication frequency band (835.62 and 847.74 MHz)." Radiat Res 148(6): 618-627.</ref><ref>Malyapa R. S., E. W. Ahern, et al. (1998). "DNA damage in rat brain cells after in vivo exposure to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation and various methods of euthanasia." Radiat Res 149(6): 637-645.</ref><ref>Li L., K. S. Bisht, et al. (2001). "Measurement of DNA damage in mammalian cells exposed in vitro to radiofrequency fields at SARs of 3-5 W/kg." Radiat Res. 56(3): 328-332.</ref><ref>Malyapa R. S., L. Li, et al. (2001). "Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the cellular phone communication frequency band (835.62 and 847.74 MHz)." Radiat Res 156(3): 328-332.</ref><ref>Vijayalaxmi, B. Z. Leal, et al. (2000). "Primary DNA damage in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation." Radiat Res 153(4): 479-486.</ref><ref>McNamee J. P., P. V. Bellier, et al. (2002). "DNA damage and micronucleus induction in human leukocytes after acute in vitro exposure to a 1.9 GHz continuous-wave radiofrequency field." Radiat Res 158(4): 523-533.</ref><ref>McNamee J. P., P. V. Bellier, et al. (2002). "DNA damage in human leukocytes after acute in vitro exposure to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency field." Radiat Res 158(4): 534-537.</ref><ref>Tice R. R., G. G. Hook, et al. (2002). "Genotoxicity of radiofrequency signals. I. Investigation of DNA damage and micronuclei induction in cultured human blood cells." Bioelectromagnetics 23(2): 113-126.</ref><ref>Roti Roti J.L. (2004). "2450 MHz (CW) exposure and effects on DNA crosslinking." Radiation Research 161: 201-214.</ref><ref>Lagroye I., G. J. Hook, et al. (2004). "Measurements of alkali-labile DNA damage and protein-DNA crosslinks after 2450 MHz microwave and low-dose gamma irradiation in vitro." Radiat Res 161(2): S. 201-214.</ref><ref>McNamee J. P., P. V. Bellier, et al. (2003). "No evidence for genotoxic effects from 24 h exposure of human leukocytes to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency fields." Radiat Res 159(5): 693-697.</ref><ref>Hook, G. J., P. Zhang, et al. (2004). "Measurement of DNA damage and apoptosis in Molt-4 cells after in vitro exposure to radiofrequency radiation." Radiat Res 161(2): 193-200.</ref><ref>Hook, G. J., P. Zhang, et al. (2004). "Measurement of DNA damage and apoptosis in mammalian cells exposed to radiofrequency fields at high SAR in vitro." Radiat Res. 161: S. 193-200.</ref><ref>Miyakoshi, R. S., et al. (2002/2004). "2.4 GHz (CW) and 1.5 GHz (PDC) exposure on micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchange, chromosome aberrations, DNA damage, and genetic mutation as well cell cycle, signal transduction, transformation and cell division." Electrical Engineering in Japan (2002) 141: 9-15, Mutation Research (2004) 541: 81-89.</ref><br>
Den positiven Versuchsergebnissen steht jedoch eine große Zahl an publizierten Versuchsergebnissen gegenüber (darunter auch direkte Replikationsversuche oben genannter Arbeiten), die zeigen, dass bei hochfrequenter Befeldung (sogar bis 100 Watt/kg) es nicht zu DNA-Strangbrüchen kommt. Allerdings konnten als Nebenergebnis Einflüsse durch verschiedene Tötungsarten von Versuchstieren gezeigt werden.<ref>Malyapa R. S., E. W. Ahern, et al. (1997). "Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation." Radiat. Res. 148(6): 608-617.</ref><ref>Malyapa R. S., E. W. Ahern, et al. (1997). "Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the cellular phone communication frequency band (835.62 and 847.74 MHz)." Radiat Res 148(6): 618-627.</ref><ref>Malyapa R. S., E. W. Ahern, et al. (1998). "DNA damage in rat brain cells after in vivo exposure to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation and various methods of euthanasia." Radiat Res 149(6): 637-645.</ref><ref>Li L., K. S. Bisht, et al. (2001). "Measurement of DNA damage in mammalian cells exposed in vitro to radiofrequency fields at SARs of 3-5 W/kg." Radiat Res. 56(3): 328-332.</ref><ref>Malyapa R. S., L. Li, et al. (2001). "Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the cellular phone communication frequency band (835.62 and 847.74 MHz)." Radiat Res 156(3): 328-332.</ref><ref>Vijayalaxmi, B. Z. Leal, et al. (2000). "Primary DNA damage in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation." Radiat Res 153(4): 479-486.</ref><ref>McNamee J. P., P. V. Bellier, et al. (2002). "DNA damage and micronucleus induction in human leukocytes after acute in vitro exposure to a 1.9 GHz continuous-wave radiofrequency field." Radiat Res 158(4): 523-533.</ref><ref>McNamee J. P., P. V. Bellier, et al. (2002). "DNA damage in human leukocytes after acute in vitro exposure to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency field." Radiat Res 158(4): 534-537.</ref><ref>Tice R. R., G. G. Hook, et al. (2002). "Genotoxicity of radiofrequency signals. I. Investigation of DNA damage and micronuclei induction in cultured human blood cells." Bioelectromagnetics 23(2): 113-126.</ref><ref>Roti Roti J.L. (2004). "2450 MHz (CW) exposure and effects on DNA crosslinking." Radiation Research 161: 201-214.</ref><ref>Lagroye I., G. J. Hook, et al. (2004). "Measurements of alkali-labile DNA damage and protein-DNA crosslinks after 2450 MHz microwave and low-dose gamma irradiation in vitro." Radiat Res 161(2): S. 201-214.</ref><ref>McNamee J. P., P. V. Bellier, et al. (2003). "No evidence for genotoxic effects from 24 h exposure of human leukocytes to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency fields." Radiat Res 159(5): 693-697.</ref><ref>Hook, G. J., P. Zhang, et al. (2004). "Measurement of DNA damage and apoptosis in Molt-4 cells after in vitro exposure to radiofrequency radiation." Radiat Res 161(2): 193-200.</ref><ref>Hook, G. J., P. Zhang, et al. (2004). "Measurement of DNA damage and apoptosis in mammalian cells exposed to radiofrequency fields at high SAR in vitro." Radiat Res. 161: S. 193-200.</ref><ref>Miyakoshi, R. S., et al. (2002/2004). "2.4 GHz (CW) and 1.5 GHz (PDC) exposure on micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchange, chromosome aberrations, DNA damage, and genetic mutation as well cell cycle, signal transduction, transformation and cell division." Electrical Engineering in Japan (2002) 141: 9-15, Mutation Research (2004) 541: 81-89.</ref><br>
==Hirntumoren und Mobiltelefone==
==Hirntumoren und Mobiltelefone==