Änderungen

'''[http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_11_1_kurtz.pdf Is the "Mars Effect" Genuine?]''' ''(PDF)''

'''[http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_11_1_kurtz.pdf Is the "Mars Effect" Genuine?] (engl.)''' ''(PDF)''

"Abstract - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauquelin '''Gauquelin'''] claimed that there is a statistically significant correlation between the positions of Mars and the times and places of birth of sports champions. Independent scientists have attempted to replicate this hypothesis without success. We provide a brief history: the Comité Para, the Zelen and U.S. tests, and a recent French test. Ertel and Irving, in sifting through the data, attempt to rescue Gauquelin's thesis. Ertel introduced his "eminence test", and Ertel and Irving their "IMQ bias indicator." However, they presuppose what they set out to prove. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence for the "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_effect '''Mars effect''']", and that this effect may be attributed to Gauquelin's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_bias '''selective bias'''] in either discarding or adding data post hoc." Von Paul Kurtz, Jan Willem Nienhuys, Rhanjit Sandhu

"Abstract - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauquelin '''Gauquelin'''] claimed that there is a statistically significant correlation between the positions of Mars and the times and places of birth of sports champions. Independent scientists have attempted to replicate this hypothesis without success. We provide a brief history: the Comité Para, the Zelen and U.S. tests, and a recent French test. Ertel and Irving, in sifting through the data, attempt to rescue Gauquelin's thesis. Ertel introduced his "eminence test", and Ertel and Irving their "IMQ bias indicator." However, they presuppose what they set out to prove. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence for the "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_effect '''Mars effect''']", and that this effect may be attributed to Gauquelin's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_bias '''selective bias'''] in either discarding or adding data post hoc." Von Paul Kurtz, Jan Willem Nienhuys, Rhanjit Sandhu

'''[http://www.pabst-publishers.de/psychology-science/1-2003/pdf_04.pdf "Is it all written in the stars? A methodological commentary on Sachs’ astrology monograph and re-analyses of his data on crime statistics"]'''

'''[http://www.pabst-publishers.de/psychology-science/1-2003/pdf_04.pdf "Is it all written in the stars? A methodological commentary on Sachs’ astrology monograph and re-analyses of his data on crime statistics"] (engl.)''' ''(PDF)''

"In his monograph “[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunter_Sachs#Astrologie '''Die Akte Astrologie''']” [“The Astrology Dossier”], [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunter_Sachs '''Sachs'''] (1999) claims that [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistische_Signifikanz '''statistically significant'''] relationships exist between signs of the Zodiac and behavior. The author presents these relationships in the form of local associations in contingency tables that cross the signs of the [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierkreiszeichen '''Zodiac'''] and numerous behavior categories from statistical registers of Switzerland. As one example, we discuss and re-analyze his data on astrology and crime that, according to Sachs, demonstrate a clear relationship. Although Sachs’ methods are largely transparent, his conclusions are not valid. The main reasons for this lack of validity are that the analyses capitalize on chance and fail to take into account the mutual dependency of statistical tests performed on the same data. Our re-analyses of Sachs’ data on criminal convictions and the signs of the Zodiac using Configural Frequency Analysis and two-way cluster analysis suggest that the conclusions drawn in the monograph are untenable. Statistical and substantive aspects of our results are discussed." Von Alexander von Eye, Friedrich Lösel, Roni Mayzer

"In his monograph “[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunter_Sachs#Astrologie '''Die Akte Astrologie''']” [“The Astrology Dossier”], [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunter_Sachs '''Sachs'''] (1999) claims that [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistische_Signifikanz '''statistically significant'''] relationships exist between signs of the Zodiac and behavior. The author presents these relationships in the form of local associations in contingency tables that cross the signs of the [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierkreiszeichen '''Zodiac'''] and numerous behavior categories from statistical registers of Switzerland. As one example, we discuss and re-analyze his data on astrology and crime that, according to Sachs, demonstrate a clear relationship. Although Sachs’ methods are largely transparent, his conclusions are not valid. The main reasons for this lack of validity are that the analyses capitalize on chance and fail to take into account the mutual dependency of statistical tests performed on the same data. Our re-analyses of Sachs’ data on criminal convictions and the signs of the Zodiac using Configural Frequency Analysis and two-way cluster analysis suggest that the conclusions drawn in the monograph are untenable. Statistical and substantive aspects of our results are discussed." Von Alexander von Eye, Friedrich Lösel, Roni Mayzer